One case of transverse myelitis was reported 14 days after the second dose of AZD1222 this was viewed as possibly related to vaccination, and a diagnosis of an idiopathic, short-segment, spinal cord demyelination was made. A total of 168 serious adverse events were reported among 79 recipients of AZD1222 and 89 recipients of saline control. Overall, the vaccine was safe across all 4 studies, and serious adverse events were evenly distributed among all study groups. Efficacy and safety results for AZD1222 have been documented in 4 randomized clinical trials in the UK, South Africa, and Brazil. The SARS-CoV-2 structural surface spike protein gene is integrated into the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222 trade name Vaxzevria) from Oxford/AstraZeneca, which is made from replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1. Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222)
Anaphylaxis and edema of the labial, facial, and glossal areas were among the adverse events noted. The most common localized symptom was pain at the injection site, which was seen within 1 week of vaccination.
More local reactions were seen among the vaccine group than the placebo group. Moderate to severe systemic symptoms, such as headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fatigue, also lasted 1 to 2 days. In initial trials, the localized symptoms were mild to moderate in severity and lasted 1 to 2 days. These adverse effects usually developed within 1 to 2 days of vaccination. The vaccines were also associated with other systemic adverse effects such as fever, fatigue, arthralgias, myalgias, and headache. Įvaluation of the vaccines vs placebo (normal saline) showed a higher incidence of mild local adverse effects such as pain, heat, swelling, and redness. A higher rate of systemic events was reported by younger vaccine recipients (aged 16–55 years) than those older than 55 years, which may be due to a more robust immunogenic response in younger persons. Duplicated studies and studies providing insufficient and irrelevant information were excluded.įor the 2 mRNA vaccines, the second dose was associated with more adverse effects than the first dose. We had no language restrictions because of the relatively few articles on the topic. The results were reviewed for relevance to the topic, and the articles were screened by 2 authors. Keywords such as “adverse effects,” “adverse events,” “complications,” “COVID-19,” and “vaccine,” were searched individually or in combination to yield relevant information. Searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify related literature from 2020 to 2021. This article is intended to be a narrative review. We discuss the adverse effects of the most common vaccines, which were chosen based on the number of countries they are approved in. Our aim is to provide insights into the safety of the vaccines to help address misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. The purpose of this article is to review the current primary literature regarding adverse affects associated with the different COVID-19 vaccines.
Adverse effects, however, are associated with every vaccination. Therefore, it is crucial to establish the safety of the vaccines in these circumstances to perhaps promote wider vaccine acceptance among hesitant people. This, in turn, may lead to vaccine hesitancy, which further inhibits attaining the goal of having 70% of the population fully vaccinated, after which herd immunity can effectively be achieved. However, some people question whether the speed at which a vaccine is developed will compromise its efficiency and safety. Vaccine uptake must be accelerated in the coming months to continue to decrease infection rates. ĬOVID-19 Vaccines Administered in the US by Manufacturer. As of January 14, 2022, 194 vaccines are in preclinical development, and 139 are in clinical trials. More than 523 million doses have been given in the US to date ( Figure 1). In 1 week, 1.12 million doses were administered daily, on average. Different vaccine candidates for COVID-19 have been approved using similar EUA processes, and the list continues to grow.Ī historic vaccination campaign is taking place in the US currently. As of December 31, 2020, the WHO approved BNT162 for emergency use, making its global production and supply more efficient. On December 2, 2020, using an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), the UK became the first country to approve Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162.
The first COVID-19 vaccine introduced in December 2020 has become a milestone in the fight against this pandemic. To restore normalcy and enable economic growth, vaccines are the best option. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global economic disruption. As of January 14, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed about 318,648,834 cases of COVID-19 worldwide, including 5,518,343 fatalities.
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